Note: This document is for an older version of GRASS GIS that has been discontinued. You should upgrade, and read the current manual page.

NAME

KEYWORDS

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

This program is to be used in Shell/Perl/Python scripts, so the author does not need to use the echo program. The advantage of g.message is that it formats messages just like other GRASS modules do and that its functionality is influenced by the GRASS_VERBOSE and GRASS_MESSAGE_FORMAT environment variables.

The program can be used for standard informative messages as well as warnings (-w flag) and fatal errors (-e flag). For debugging purposes, the -d flag will cause g.message to print a debugging message at the given level.

NOTES

If you want a long message (multi-line) to be dealt with as a single paragraph, use a single call to g.message with text split in the script using the backslash as the last character. (In shell scripts don't close the "quote")

A blank line may be obtained with

g.message message=""

Redundant whitespace will be stripped away.

It's advisable to single quote the messages that are to be printed literally. It prevents a number of characters (most notably, space and the dollar sign '$') from being treated specifically by the shell.

When it is necessary to include, for example, a variable's value as part of the message, the double quotes may be used, which do not deprive the dollar sign of its special variable-expansion powers.

While it is known that the interactive Bash instances may treat the exclamation mark '!' character specifically (making single quoting of it necessary), it shouldn't be the case for the non-interactive instances of Bash. Nonetheless, to avoid context-based confusion later on you are encouraged to single-quote messages that do not require $VARIABLE expansion.

Usage in Python scripts

• debug() for g.message -d
• error() for g.message -e
• fatal() for g.message -e + exit()
• info() for g.message -i
• message() for g.message
• verbose() for g.message -v
• warning() for g.message -w

Note: The Python tab in the wxGUI can be used for entering the following sample code:

import grass.script as gcore

gcore.warning("This is a warning")

g.message -w message="This is a warning"

VERBOSITY LEVELS

• 0 - only errors and warnings are printed
• 1 - progress messages are printed
• 2 - all module messages are printed
• 3 - additional verbose messages are printed

DEBUG LEVELS

• 1 - message is printed once or few times per module
• 3 - each row (raster) or line (vector)
• 5 - each cell (raster) or point (vector)

EXAMPLES

g.message message="hello"

To print a message as an error message use the -e flag:

g.message -e message="my error"

To print a message highlighted as a debug message ("D0/0: debug") in the console, use the -d flag. Optionally the debug level can be defined (see also g.gisenv for details):

# Levels: (recommended levels)
#   0 - silence
#   1 - message is printed once or few times per module
#   3 - each row (raster) or line (vector)
#   5 - each cell (raster) or point (vector) 
g.message -d message="debug" debug=0

To print a message highlighted as a warning message ("WARNING: my warning") in the console, use the -w flag:

g.message -w message="my warning"

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

SOURCE CODE

Available at: g.message source code (history)

Latest change: Monday Nov 18 20:15:32 2019 in commit: 1a1d107e4f6e1b846f9841c2c6fabf015c5f720d

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© 2003-2023 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.8.9dev Reference Manual